Вариант 2

Грамматика:        Infinitive. Forms and Functions. Bare Infinitive

Infinitive Constructions: Objective, Nominative, For-to-Infinitive

       Participle. Forms and Functions. Participial Constructions

Gerund. Gerundial Construction

Задание 1. Перепечатайте предложения. Вставьте инфинитив в нужной форме и переведите предложение на русский язык.

1. The firm’s revenue for its third quarter is reported … to $ 17 million from $ 14.2 million. (to climb)

A. to have climbed        C. to have been climbed        E. to climb

B. to be climbed        D. to be climbing        F. to have been climbing

2. The plan will be discussed at the meeting … on June 26. (to hold)

A. to hold        C. to be holding        E. to have held

B. to be held        D. to have been held        F. to have been holding

3. If our main competitor goes bankrupt we would like … our market share. (to increase)

A. to have increased        C. to be increasing        E. to increase

B. to have been increased        D. to have been increasing        F. to be increased

Задание 2. Перепечатайте предложения, поставьте частицу to, где необходимо. Объясните причину отсутствия частицы to. Переведите предложение на русский язык.

1. Partnership contract may … include distribution of profits, fiscal responsibilities, and a specific length of time during which the partnership is in effect.

2. We expect the consignment … come in time.

3. We saw the ship … go out of the port.

Задание 3. Перепечатайте предложения. Измените их, используя Infinitive вместо подчёркнутых слов. Переведите полученное предложение на русский язык.

1. The owner of business was astonished when he heard that extra wages had not been covered by the profits.
2. The manager was the last who left the shop.
3. There was no site in this area where he could place a new department store.

Задание 4. Перепечатайте предложения. Замените сложные предложения или группы предложений простыми предложениями с инфинитивным оборотом Complex Object. Переведите полученное предложение на русский язык.

1.        Will you be able to fulfill all contract obligations? I’d like to know it.

2.        They are good partners. I believed it.

3.        Our order will receive most attention. We expected it.

Задание 5. Перепечатайте предложения. Закончите их, используя "for-to-Infinitive Construction".  Переведите предложение на русский язык.

1. I have arranged (you; on this business trip; to go).
2. You attitude made it difficult (to get; he; a discount).
3. It is not the right time (into this market; we; break).

Задание 6. Перепечатайте предложения с Complex Subject. Вставьте сказуемое в нужной форме и переведите предложение на русский язык.

1. They … to have reduced their energy consumption in the inquiry period. (to prove)
2. We … to be making very good progress. (to appear)
3. The problem … to have occurred during the night. (to seem)

Задание 7. Перепечатайте предложения, подчеркните инфинитивные обороты. Определите, какой инфинитивный оборот употреблён в предложении. Переведите предложение на русский язык, обращая внимание на  форму инфинитива

1.They want the worker with the longest continuous service to have the first chance at relevant promotions, be the last one laid off, and be the first one recalled from lay off..

2. He looks tired. He seems to have been working all night.

3. It wasn’t easy for the management to make the decision about manufacturing new products under such circumstances.

Задание 8. Выберите правильный вариант перевода выделенной части предложения. Переведите предложение на русский язык.

1. The society employing scarce productive resources produces various goods and services.

A.использовать        C. использующее

B. использовавшиеся        D. использовавшее

2. The society choosing scarce productive resources distributes them among various competing groups and individuals.

A. конкурировать        C. конкурирующие

B. конкурировавшие        D. конкурирующие

3. Dr. Greenspan is very much a fighter against inflation and feels that the government, spending much, must cut down social programs.

1. растраченный        С. тратящий
2. растратившие        D. тратившийся

Задание 9. Выберите нужную форму Participle I. Переведите предложение на русский язык.

1. The firm directs the financial resources on the development of production … regardless of the system being used.

A. being used        B. having used        C. using

2. The shareholders … the new company appoint a director for the next four years

A. being established                B. establishing        C. having established

3. Today the Russian economy is an integral part of the world economy. … against inflation.

      A. fighting                          B. having been fought       C. having fought        D. being fought

Задание 10. Перепечатайте предложения. Замените выделенную часть предложения соответствующей формой Participle I. Переведите полученное предложение на русский язык.

1. Even welfare-state countries such as Norway and Sweden, which rely mostly on government business for wealth, have economics problems.

A. having relied        B. relying        C. being relied

2. People and businesses respond to the marketplace changes which are determined by prices.

A. determining        B. being determined        C. having determined

3. There are now many branches of economics, which has developed rapidly.

A. developing        B. being developed        C. having developed        

Задание 11. Перепечатайте предложения. Определите, какой формой глагола является выделенное слово: Participle II или Past Simple. Переведите полученное предложения на русский язык.

1. Some countries largely controlled resource allocation.

2. Norway and Sweden relied on government business for wealth.

3. When we use the term mixed economy, we usually apply to economies with both collectivism and free enterprise.

Задание 12. Перепечатайте предложения. Вставьте Participle I или Participle II. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Economics is the subject … the problem of how society chooses to employ scarce productive resources. (to study)
2. Every society … scarce productive resources, must know how to produce various goods and services. (to employ)
3. Planning committees … under the collectivism system provided the answers to central questions of economics. (to appoint)

Задание 13. Перепечатайте предложения, подчеркните причастные обороты. Переведите предложение на русский язык, обращая внимание на форму причастия.

1. During the recession, the government had the social spending cut.
2. The president is having the shareholders’ meeting arranged next Monday.
3. They hear us working for this company.

Задание 14. Перепечатайте предложения. Определите, чем является выделенное слово: Participle I, Gerund, Verbal Noun. Переведите предложение на русский язык.

1. Business activity is the act of making goods or creating services for human wants.
2. Landing money and trading stocks relate to the securing capital for business activities.
3. Other forms of business include merchandising.

Задание 15. Перепечатайте предложения, подчеркните герундиальные обороты. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на форму герундия.

1. We do not insist on our returning there at once.

2. It was very important to prevent inflation skyscraping the prices.

3. He was surprised at her coming in time.

Задание 16. Прочитайте текст и выполните задания

I.        In 1987, Fortune magazine said that mere management is not enough anymore. What was needed, it said, were executives who can transform organizations and create the corporate future. It called these new managers leaders because they had to do more than manage. Leadership involves creating a vision for others to follow, establishing corporate values and ethics, and transforming the way the organization does business so it is more effective and efficient. Managers work within organizational boundaries. Leaders set those boundaries and constantly change the organization to meet new challenges.

II.        Autocratic. Autocratic leadership involves making managerial decisions without consulting others, and implies power over others. Many businesspeople who are sport leaders seem to use rather successfully and autocratic leadership style that consists of issuing orders and telling players what to do. Motivation comes from threats, punishment, and intimidation of all kinds. Such a style is effective in emergencies and when absolute followership is needed (for example, on army maneuvers).

III. Bureaucratic. Bureaucratic leadership is based on inflexible routine supported by rules, regulations, and policies. Government organizations and government-like organizations seem to prosper by using bureaucratic leadership. That is, they have rules to cover almost everything, and most employees live by the rules. There is little flexibility in such organizations and unique situations often cause indecision and paralysis among the employees.

Democratic. Democratic leadership consists of managers and employees working together to make decisions. Many new, progressive organizations are highly successful at using a democratic style of leadership where traits such as flexibility, good listening skill, and empathy are dominant.

IV. Laissez-Faire. Laissez-faire leadership involves managers setting objectives and employees being relatively free to do whatever it takes to accomplish those objectives. In certain professional organizations, where managers deal with doctors, engineers, and other professionals, the most successful leadership style is often one of laissez-faire or free rein leadership. The traits needed by managers in such organizations include warmth, friendliness, and understanding.

Employee Controlled. Employee-controlled leadership consists of having employees set objectives, and management handling administrative matters. Organizations with highly independent professionals (such as professors in colleges and universities) often find it appropriate to use an employee-controlled leadership style in which the employees make the decisions. Managers perform administrative tasks and must demonstrate tact, adaptability, and intelligence.

When to Use Various Leadership Styles

V. Any one manager may use a variety of leadership styles depending on who he or she is dealing with and the situation. A manager may be autocratic but friendly with a new trainee; democratic with an experienced employee who has many good ideas that can only be fostered by a manager who is a good listener and flexible; and laissez-faire with trusted, long-term supervisor who probably knows more about operations than the manager does. Leadership depends on followership, and followership depends on the traits and circumstances of the follower. In general, though, one could say that good leaders tend to be flexible, able to identify with the goals and values of followers, good communicators, sensitive to the needs of others, and decisive when the situations demands it.

A. Перепечатайте и переведите письменно I часть текста.

B. Найдите слова в тексте к следующим определениям:

1. The style of leadership when objectives are set by employees.

2. Situations when absolute obedience is necessary.

3. A person who set boundaries and constantly change the organization to meet new challenges.

C. Ответьте на вопросы, используя информацию из текста.

1. What is the difference between a manager and a leader?

2. Describe the various leadership styles.

3. Which leadership style is the best?

D. В какой части текста говорится

1. о различных ситуациях, где руководители демонстрируют различные стили руководства?

2. о том, что в определенных ситуациях подчиненные сами ставят цели и задачи?

3. о стиле руководства, принятом в армии?

E. Определите, является ли данное предложение: истинным, ложным или в тексте нет об этом информации.

1. Bureaucratic authority is a form of leadership in which the authority of an organization or a ruling regime is largely tied to legal rationality, legal legitimacy and bureaucracy.

2. Management effectiveness includes leadership, or how effectively management communicates and translates the vision and strategy of the organization to the members.

3. Combination of democratic and Laissez-Faire leadership styles is very effective in emergency cases.

F. Определите главную мысль текста.

1. Leadership.

2. Process of making a decision.

3. Managerial skills.