Вариант 8

ЗАДАНИЯ к упражнениям:

1. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, повторив тему «Инфинитив», «Причастие», «Герундий». Инфинитив, причастие или герундий подчеркните.
2. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, повторив тему: «Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты». Подчеркните модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты, определите их время.
3. Перепишите предложения, выпишите глагол-сказуемое, определите его время. Предложения переведите.
4. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст на русский язык.

Задание № 1

1. To repair the house will take two months. 2. To finish this work today is very important. 3. No one may attend the lecture except invited guests. 4. I like to hear the sound of gently falling rain. 5. I have no intention of staying here any longer. 6. Your missing the classes so often doesn't do you any good.

Задание № 2

1. We had to buy some food for the picnic. 2. Mr. Smith must be in his office now. 3. Carol can speak three foreign languages. 4. A student of the Harvard University is to pay 3,000 dollars a year for his studies. 5. A mother to a child: “You are not allowed to open the door when I am out”.

Задание № 3

1.Very few people watch that TV show. 2. Someone cut down that tree last week. 3. What are you reading right now? — I am reading my grammar book. 4. We shall be watching this match on TV tomorrow from 10 till. 5. By 6 o’clock yesterday we had already finished our work. 6. We have gone to the Steak House restaurant many times. The food is excellent.

Задание № 4

POLITICAL SYSTEM OF THE USA

The USA is a federal republic consisting of 50 states & the independent district Columbia which doesn't belong to any state. The form of American government is based on the Constitution adopted in Philadelphia in 1787. Since that time many amendments were adopted. The first ten of amendments to American Constitution are known as the Bill of Rights.

The US government makes & enforces laws, collects taxes, provides services for the people, protects individuals & their propriety and works for national & international security. Abraham Lincoln described the US government as “the government of people, by the people & for the people”. The US government negotiates with other governments & participates in inter-national organizations to promote peace, health & education. It has its powers to declare war & to conclude peace pacts. It keeps the armed forces & can draft citizens for military service.

The political system of the USA consists of three branches: the legislative branch, the executive branch & the judicial branch. Each branch is independent from the other two ones.

The highest organ of the legislative power is Congress which consists of the Senate & the House of Representatives. The Senate & the House of Representatives meet in different chambers in the Capitol in Washington. D.C. Congress makes laws, levies federal taxes, declares war or puts foreign treaties into effect.

The Senate has 100 members. Each state regardless of its territory & population has 2 senators who serve 6-year terms. The Vice President of the USA presides over the Senate.

The House of Representatives consists of 435 members. They are elected for a period of 2 years. Each state sends a different number of men according to the population of the state. Thus, California has 52 members while Alaska, Delaware & some other states only one.

The executive branch consists of the President and his Cabinet. The President is the head of the state, he lives in the White House in Washington, DC.

A President must be a natural born citizen of the USA or the resident of the country not less than 14 years. A President must be over 35 years old. He is the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces & the head of the state. The President & Vice President are elected for a 4-year term & may be in office not more than 2 terms.

A famous President, Franklin Roosevelt, was elected 4 times, but since that time the Congress has passed a law making anything longer than 2 terms illegal. The process of getting the new president into office is called 'Inauguration'. The new president takes office at noon of January, 20 of the year following the elections. He takes the oath & delivers his speech on the steps of the Capitol.

The highest organ of the judicial power is the Supreme Court. It has one Chief Justice & 8 Associated Justices. The President appoints these men for life, but they must be approved by the Senate. The decision of the Supreme Court is final.

Each state in the USA has its own government & constitution, but no state may pass a law contrary to the Constitution of the US laws & treaties.