Задание 1.
Выберите правильную форму глагола.
1. No city has cables ___________ directly.
a. lay
b. are laying
c. laid
2. Computers ___________ to perform series of mathematical operations.
a. are used
b. are using
c. have used
3. ___________ power losses, thick wires should be used.
a. Reducing
b. To reduce
c. Having reduced
4. For information ___________, it must be attached to a radio – frequency carrier wave.
a. to be transmitted
b. will be transmitted
c. transmitted
5. Various installations ___________ to transform electric power into mechanical and heat power.
a. have been used
b. are using
c. are being used
6. The experiment ___________ to be continued .
a. reports
b. is reporting
c. is reported
7. A computer ___________ to possess four main parts.
a. has been known
b. is known
c. knows
8. The atmosphere ___________ to extend several hundred kilometers above the Earth.
a. proves
b. has been proved
c. is proved
9. Transistor batteries ___________ to be used in systems that have to operate on weak signals, for example, in ultra-long-distance space communications.
a. expected
b. have been expected
c. were expected
10. Materials ___________ very high resistance are called insulators.
a. having
b. have
c. are having
11. A cable conduit is an arrangement ___________ in the ground.
a. building
b. is built
c. built
12. ___________ calculations, a computer displays results.
a. Having performed
b. Performed
c. Performing
13. A faulty cable ___________ between two manholes is to be replaced.
a. having run
b. running
c. runs
14. ___________ under different conditions, the devices were put to use.
a. having been tested
b. testing
c. tested
15. The device ___________ faulty, one cannot rely on its readings.
a. is
b. being
c. to be
16. RAM stands for Random Access Memory, information ___________ into and out of any single byte of memory.
a. being transferred
b. transferred
c. have transferred
17. Other factors ___________ constant, the current is known to be directly proportional to conductivity.
a. be
b. being
c. having been
18. A barometer is used for _______________ the atmospheric pressure.
a) measuring
b) measures
c) measurement
19. Is any metal capable of _______________ into a wire.
a) drawing
b) being drawn
c) having drawn
20. We know the atmospheric pressure __________ as altitude increases.
a) decreases
b) is decreasing
c) to decrease
21. Quantum electronics _________________, it became possible to produce clock that measure time with an accuracy of one second per 300 years.
a) having been developed
b) have been developed
c) being developed
22. Without the Sun there _____________ no light, no heat, no energy of any kind.
a) will be
b) would be
c) will
23. Oxygen is an element of greatest importance to the Earth as all living things __________ without it.
a) would die
b) will die
c) will be dying
24. If automatic checking of different kinds hadn’t been built into the computer it __________ operate with extraordinary reliability.
a) Couldn’t operate b) can’t operate c) can’t operating
25. If the operators some additional components, they would have been able to actuate the relay
a) used
b) have used
c) had used
Задание 2. Прочтите текст и выполните задания к тексту
MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS (MEMS)
1. Interest in creating MEMS grew in the 1980s, but it took nearly two decades to establish the design and manufacturing infrastructure needed for their commercial development. One of the first products with a large market was the automobile air-bag controller, which combines inertia sensors to detect a crash and electronic control circuitry to deploy the air bag in response. In the late 1990s a new type of electronic projector was marketed that employed millions of micromirrors, each with its own electronic tilt control, to convert digital signals into images that rival the best traditional television displays.
2. Emerging products include mirror arrays for optical switching in telecommunications, semiconductor chips with integrated mechanical oscillators for radio-frequency applications (such as cellular telephones), and a broad range of biochemical sensors for use in manufacturing, medicine, and security.
3. A technical issue in MEMS fabrication concerns the order in which to build the electronic and mechanical components. High-temperature annealing is needed to relieve stress and warping of the polycrystalline-silicon layers, but it can damage any electronic circuits that have already been added. On the other hand, building the mechanical components first requires protecting these parts while the electronic circuitry is fabricated. Various solutions have been used, including burying the mechanical parts in shallow trenches prior to the electronics fabrication and then uncovering them afterward.
4. Barriers to further commercial penetration of MEMS include their cost compared with the cost of simpler technologies, nonstandardization of design and modeling tools, and the need for more reliable packaging. A current research focus is on exploring properties at nanometre dimensions for devices known as nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS). These devices, however, become increasingly sensitive to any defects arising to their fabrication.
ЗАДАНИЕ N 1
Are the following statement true, false or no information about it:
Interest in creating MEMS appeared on in the late 1990s.
• false
• true
• no information
ЗАДАНИЕ N 2
Are the following statement true, false or no information about it:
The order in which the electronic and mechanical components should be built is a technical issue in MEMS fabrication.
• false
• true
• no information
ЗАДАНИЕ N 3
Are the following statement true, false or no information about it:
Another early application for MEMS was in inkjet printheads.
• false
• true
• no information
ЗАДАНИЕ N 4
Are the following statement true, false or no information about it:
The nanoelectromechanical systems are sensitive to defects arising to their fabrication.
• false
• true
• no information
ЗАДАНИЕ N 5
Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
MEMS can be used to develop products that are useful in many spheres of people’s lives.
• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
ЗАДАНИЕ N 6
Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Even though the interest in creating MEMS grew in 1980s, their commercial use and development started much later.
• 2
• 4
• 3
• 1
ЗАДАНИЕ N 7
Ответьте на вопрос:
What are the barriers to the further commercial expansion of MEMS?
• The lack of research and the absence of funding are the main obstacles.
• The cost of MEMS, nonstandardization of design and modeling tools, and the need for more reliable packaging are the obstacles in the way of the further commercial penetration of MEMS.
• The question of order in which to build the electronic and mechanical components and the need for more reliable packaging are the barriers that stop the further commercial penetration of MEMS.
• The only barrier to the further commercial penetration of MEMS is their high cost.
ЗАДАНИЕ N 8
Определите основную идею текста
• The only problem concerning MEMS is the technical issue of fabrication.
• Humanity cannot survive without MEMS technologies.
• MEMS technologies are useful in many aspects, but there are still some problems in both production and commercial expansion.
• MEMS are very easily produced, but not commercially effective.
Источник: RW-1700011500 | 